| | submitted by -en- to newsbotbot [link] [comments] |
How exactly did the British manage to diddle us and drain our wealth’ ? was the question that Basudev Chatterjee (later editor of a volume in the Towards Freedom project) had posed to me 50 years ago when we were fellow-students abroad.This is begging the question.
After decades of research I find that using India’s commodity export surplus as the measure and applying an interest rate of 5%, the total drain from 1765 to 1938, compounded up to 2016, comes to £9.2 trillion; since $4.86 exchanged for £1 those days, this sum equals about $45 trillion.This is completely meaningless. To understand why it's meaningless consider India's annual coconut exports. These are almost certainly a surplus but the surplus in trade is countered by the other country buying the product (indeed, by definition, trade surpluses contribute to the GDP of a nation which hardly plays into intuitive conceptualisations of drain).
She [Patnaik] consistently adopts statistical assumptions (such as compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum over centuries) that exaggerate the magnitude of the drainMoving on:
The exact mechanism of drain, or transfers from India to Britain was quite simple.Convenient.
Drain theory possessed the political merit of being easily grasped by a nation of peasants. [...] No other idea could arouse people than the thought that they were being taxed so that others in far off lands might live in comfort. [...] It was, therefore, inevitable that the drain theory became the main staple of nationalist political agitation during the Gandhian era.- Chandra et al. (1989)
The key factor was Britain’s control over our taxation revenues combined with control over India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its booming commodity export surplus with the world. Simply put, Britain used locally raised rupee tax revenues to pay for its net import of goods, a highly abnormal use of budgetary funds not seen in any sovereign country.The issue with figures like these is they all make certain methodological assumptions that are impossible to prove. From Roy in Frankema et al. (2019):
the "drain theory" of Indian poverty cannot be tested with evidence, for several reasons. First, it rests on the counterfactual that any money saved on account of factor payments abroad would translate into domestic investment, which can never be proved. Second, it rests on "the primitive notion that all payments to foreigners are "drain"", that is, on the assumption that these payments did not contribute to domestic national income to the equivalent extent (Kumar 1985, 384; see also Chaudhuri 1968). Again, this cannot be tested. [...] Fourth, while British officers serving India did receive salaries that were many times that of the average income in India, a paper using cross-country data shows that colonies with better paid officers were governed better (Jones 2013).Indeed, drain theory rests on some very weak foundations. This, in of itself, should be enough to dismiss any of the other figures that get thrown out. Nonetheless, I felt it would be a useful exercise to continue exploring Patnaik's take on drain theory.
The East India Company from 1765 onwards allocated every year up to one-third of Indian budgetary revenues net of collection costs, to buy a large volume of goods for direct import into Britain, far in excess of that country’s own needs.So what's going on here? Well Roy (2019) explains it better:
Colonial India ran an export surplus, which, together with foreign investment, was used to pay for services purchased from Britain. These payments included interest on public debt, salaries, and pensions paid to government offcers who had come from Britain, salaries of managers and engineers, guaranteed profts paid to railway companies, and repatriated business profts. How do we know that any of these payments involved paying too much? The answer is we do not.So what was really happening is the government was paying its workers for services (as well as guaranteeing profits - to promote investment - something the GoI does today Dalal (2019), and promoting business in India), and those workers were remitting some of that money to Britain. This is hardly a drain (unless, of course, Indian diaspora around the world today are "draining" it). In some cases, the remittances would take the form of goods (as described) see Chaudhuri (1983):
It is obvious that these debit items were financed through the export surplus on merchandise account, and later, when railway construction started on a large scale in India, through capital import. Until 1833 the East India Company followed a cumbersome method in remitting the annual home charges. This was to purchase export commodities in India out of revenue, which were then shipped to London and the proceeds from their sale handed over to the home treasury.While Roy's earlier point argues better paid officers governed better, it is honestly impossible to say what part of the repatriated export surplus was a drain, and what was not. However calling all of it a drain is definitely misguided.
she [Patnaik] consistently ignores research that would tend to cut the economic impact of the drain down to size, such as the work on the sources of investment during the industrial revolution (which shows that industrialisation was financed by the ploughed-back profits of industrialists) or the costs of empire school (which stresses the high price of imperial defence)
Since tropical goods were highly prized in other cold temperate countries which could never produce them, in effect these free goods represented international purchasing power for Britain which kept a part for its own use and re-exported the balance to other countries in Europe and North America against import of food grains, iron and other goods in which it was deficient.Re-exports necessarily adds value to goods when the goods are processed and when the goods are transported. The country with the largest navy at the time would presumably be in very good stead to do the latter.
The British historians Phyllis Deane and WA Cole presented an incorrect estimate of Britain’s 18th-19th century trade volume, by leaving out re-exports completely. I found that by 1800 Britain’s total trade was 62% higher than their estimate, on applying the correct definition of trade including re-exports, that is used by the United Nations and by all other international organisations.While interesting, and certainly expected for such an old book, re-exporting necessarily adds value to goods.
When the Crown took over from the Company, from 1861 a clever system was developed under which all of India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its fast-rising commodity export surplus with the world, was intercepted and appropriated by Britain. As before up to a third of India’s rising budgetary revenues was not spent domestically but was set aside as ‘expenditure abroad’.So, what does this mean? Britain appropriated all of India's earnings, and then spent a third of it aboard? Not exactly. She is describing home charges see Roy (2019) again:
Some of the expenditures on defense and administration were made in sterling and went out of the country. This payment by the government was known as the Home Charges. For example, interest payment on loans raised to finance construction of railways and irrigation works, pensions paid to retired officers, and purchase of stores, were payments in sterling. [...] almost all money that the government paid abroad corresponded to the purchase of a service from abroad. [...] The balance of payments system that emerged after 1800 was based on standard business principles. India bought something and paid for it. State revenues were used to pay for wages of people hired abroad, pay for interest on loans raised abroad, and repatriation of profits on foreign investments coming into India. These were legitimate market transactions.Indeed, if paying for what you buy is drain, then several billions of us are drained every day.
The Secretary of State for India in Council, based in London, invited foreign importers to deposit with him the payment (in gold, sterling and their own currencies) for their net imports from India, and these gold and forex payments disappeared into the yawning maw of the SoS’s account in the Bank of England.It should be noted that India having two heads was beneficial, and encouraged investment per Roy (2019):
The fact that the India Office in London managed a part of the monetary system made India creditworthy, stabilized its currency, and encouraged foreign savers to put money into railways and private enterprise in India. Current research on the history of public debt shows that stable and large colonies found it easier to borrow abroad than independent economies because the investors trusted the guarantee of the colonist powers.
Against India’s net foreign earnings he issued bills, termed Council bills (CBs), to an equivalent rupee value. The rate (between gold-linked sterling and silver rupee) at which the bills were issued, was carefully adjusted to the last farthing, so that foreigners would never find it more profitable to ship financial gold as payment directly to Indians, compared to using the CB route. Foreign importers then sent the CBs by post or by telegraph to the export houses in India, that via the exchange banks were paid out of the budgeted provision of sums under ‘expenditure abroad’, and the exporters in turn paid the producers (peasants and artisans) from whom they sourced the goods.Sunderland (2013) argues CBs had two main roles (and neither were part of a grand plot to keep gold out of India):
Council bills had two roles. They firstly promoted trade by handing the IO some control of the rate of exchange and allowing the exchange banks to remit funds to India and to hedge currency transaction risks. They also enabled the Indian government to transfer cash to England for the payment of its UK commitments.
The United Nations (1962) historical data for 1900 to 1960, show that for three decades up to 1928 (and very likely earlier too) India posted the second highest merchandise export surplus in the world, with USA in the first position. Not only were Indians deprived of every bit of the enormous international purchasing power they had earned over 175 years, even its rupee equivalent was not issued to them since not even the colonial government was credited with any part of India’s net gold and forex earnings against which it could issue rupees. The sleight-of-hand employed, namely ‘paying’ producers out of their own taxes, made India’s export surplus unrequited and constituted a tax-financed drain to the metropolis, as had been correctly pointed out by those highly insightful classical writers, Dadabhai Naoroji and RCDutt.It doesn't appear that others appreciate their insight Roy (2019):
K. N. Chaudhuri rightly calls such practice ‘confused’ economics ‘coloured by political feelings’.
Surplus budgets to effect such heavy tax-financed transfers had a severe employment–reducing and income-deflating effect: mass consumption was squeezed in order to release export goods. Per capita annual foodgrains absorption in British India declined from 210 kg. during the period 1904-09, to 157 kg. during 1937-41, and to only 137 kg by 1946.Dewey (1978) points out reliability issues with Indian agriculutural statistics, however this calorie decline persists to this day. Some of it is attributed to less food being consumed at home Smith (2015), a lower infectious disease burden Duh & Spears (2016) and diversified diets Vankatesh et al. (2016).
If even a part of its enormous foreign earnings had been credited to it and not entirely siphoned off, India could have imported modern technology to build up an industrial structure as Japan was doing.This is, unfortunately, impossible to prove. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication that India would've united (this is arguably more plausible than the given counterfactual1). Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been nuked in WW2, much like Japan. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been invaded by lizard people,
This article starts from the premise that while economic categories - the extent of commodity production, wage labour, monetarisation of the economy, etc - should be the basis for any analysis of the production relations of pre-British India, it is the nature of class struggles arising out of particular class alignments that finally gives the decisive twist to social change. Arguing on this premise, and analysing the available evidence, this article concludes that there was little potential for industrial revolution before the British arrived in India because, whatever might have been the character of economic categories of that period, the class relations had not sufficiently matured to develop productive forces and the required class struggle for a 'revolution' to take place.A view echoed in Raychaudhuri (1983):
Yet all of this did not amount to an economic situation comparable to that of western Europe on the eve of the industrial revolution. Her technology - in agriculture as well as manufacturers - had by and large been stagnant for centuries. [...] The weakness of the Indian economy in the mid-eighteenth century, as compared to pre-industrial Europe was not simply a matter of technology and commercial and industrial organization. No scientific or geographical revolution formed part of the eighteenth-century Indian's historical experience. [...] Spontaneous movement towards industrialisation is unlikely in such a situation.So now we've established India did not have industrial potential, was India similar to Japan just before the Meiji era? The answer, yet again, unsurprisingly, is no. Japan's economic situation was not comparable to India's, which allowed for Japan to finance its revolution. From Yasuba (1986):
All in all, the Japanese standard of living may not have been much below the English standard of living before industrialization, and both of them may have been considerably higher than the Indian standard of living. We can no longer say that Japan started from a pathetically low economic level and achieved a rapid or even "miraculous" economic growth. Japan's per capita income was almost as high as in Western Europe before industrialization, and it was possible for Japan to produce surplus in the Meiji Period to finance private and public capital formation.The circumstances that led to Meiji Japan were extremely unique. See Tomlinson (1985):
Most modern comparisons between India and Japan, written by either Indianists or Japanese specialists, stress instead that industrial growth in Meiji Japan was the product of unique features that were not reproducible elsewhere. [...] it is undoubtably true that Japan's progress to industrialization has been unique and unrepeatableSo there you have it. Unsubstantiated statistical assumptions, calling any number you can a drain & assuming a counterfactual for no good reason gets you this $45 trillion number. Hopefully that's enough to bury it in the ground.
Perhaps the single greatest and most enduring impact of British rule over India is that it created an Indian nation, in the modern political sense. After centuries of rule by different dynasties overparts of the Indian sub-continent, and after about 100 years of British rule, Indians ceased to be merely Bengalis, Maharashtrians,or Tamils, linguistically and culturally.or see Bryant 2000:
But then, it would be anachronistic to condemn eighteenth-century Indians, who served the British, as collaborators, when the notion of 'democratic' nationalism or of an Indian 'nation' did not then exist. [...] Indians who fought for them, differed from the Europeans in having a primary attachment to a non-belligerent religion, family and local chief, which was stronger than any identity they might have with a more remote prince or 'nation'.
submitted by SidNSFW to googlenewsfeed [link] [comments]
![[LC] this instagram flexers watch](https://b.thumbs.redditmedia.com/TYWIEb16i-HE_nHvpL8WrlLg6IrIaF79qclPFQROW4U.jpg "[LC] this instagram flexers watch") | submitted by CalOmega to RepTime [link] [comments] |
 | For a quick, easier search - http://www.isthisanmlm.com/ has compiled this whole thread. Special thanks to u/SHIFTnSPACE. - This is now a part of the sidebar as a button widget! submitted by twistplot to antiMLM [link] [comments] THIS LIST MAY CONTAIN COMPANIES THAT HAVE PREVIOUSLY HAD MLM BRANCH BUT MAY NO LONGER HAVE ONE. If you see a company and are not sure that it belongs on this list, please reach out. I have compiled this list from the sources listed at the bottom along with input from community members. This list may not be 100% accurate but the goal is to get it as close as possible. What is an MLM? Multi-level marketing (MLM), also called pyramid selling, network marketing, and referral marketing, is a marketing strategy for the sale of products or services where the revenue of the MLM company is derived from a non-salaried workforce selling the company's products/services, while the earnings of the participants are derived from a pyramid-shaped or binary compensation commission system. -- 31 - Bags 5Linx - Home & Business Services Abby & Anna - Clothing ACAN Pacific - Utilities ACN - Utilities ActiLabs - Skincare/Health Adornable.U - Accessories Advocare - Dietary Supplements AeroGrow - Garden Tools Agnes & Dora - Clothing AIM Global - Nutritional Supplements Akasuka (Japan) - Alcone - Beauty Alice's Table - Flower Arrangement Classes All'asta - Home Goods Allysian Sciences - Aloe Vera of America (Young Living) - Nutritional Supplements Aloette - Beauty Alphay Int - Nutritional Supplements AlureVe - Skincare/Health Amare Global - Nutritional Supplements Ambit - Utilities Amelia James - Ameo - Essential Oils American Income Life - Financial Amsoil - Motor Oil Amway - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Ann Summers - Product Ann Summers (UK) - Adult Novelties Anorak (UK) - Home Goods Anran (China) - Apollo (India) - Juice Apriori - Skincare/Health AquaSource UK - Nutritional Supplements Arbonne - Skincare/Health ARIIX - Water Purification Arsoa Honsha (Japan) - Fitness/Weight Loss Asea Global - Nutritional Supplements Asirvia (shut down) - Marketing Aspire/Digital Altitude - Marketing ATC Coin - Crypto Currency Athena's - Adult Novelties Atomy - Skincare/Health Ava Anderson - Ava Rose - Clot Avisae - Weight Loss Avon - Beauty b:hip Global - Health Bachar Nutrition - Nutritional Supplements Bamboo Pink - Jewelry Barefoot Books - Books Bath.Ologie - Bath Bombs Beach Body - Fitness/Weight Loss Videos BearCereju (Japan) - Cosmetics BeautiControl - Beauty Counter - Cosmetics Beauty Society - Beauty beCAUSE Cosmetics - Cosmetics Become International (US & AUS) - Cosmetics Bedroom Kandi - Adult Novelties Beever (UK) - Hair Care BelCorp (Latin America) - Cosmetics Bellame - Skincare/Health Bemer - Appliances Better Way Design/Imports - Clothing Biogreen Argentina - BioPerformance - Automotive (Fuel Pills) Bod-e Pro - Nutritional Supplements Body by Vi/Visalus - Health Body Shop at Home - Beauty Boisset Collection - Wine Boston Finney (shut down) - Bounce Life/Network - Insurance Bud Star (Canada) - CBD/THC Products BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012) - Buskins - Clothing Butterfly Beauty - Cosmetics Cabi - Clothing Cambridge Weight Plan/Diet - Dietary Supplements CAN - Utilities Captain Tortue - Clothing Carico Int - Home Goods Celebrating Home - Home Goods Cellements - Skincare/Health CEO Movement (Not MLM but scammy) - Chalk Couture - Chalkboard Signs Chalky & Co - Home Goods Chandeal (Japan) - Clothing Charle (Japan) - Clothing Charlie's Project - Clothing Chef's Toolbox (AUS) (Insolvency) - Kitchen Accessories Cherish Natural Products - Chloe & Isabel - Jewelry Clever Container - Home Goods Close to My Heart - Scrapbooking Cloud 9 Parties - Adult Novelties Cobra Group/Appco - Cocoa Exchange - Food Color by Amber - Jewelry Color Happy - Color Street - Nail Wraps Colour Me Beautiful (UK) - Clothing Compelling Creations - Jewelry Conklin - Roofing Cookie Lee (shut down) - Cosway (Malaysia) - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Country Scents - Product/Candles Create Your Life - Health Creative Memories - Scrapbooking Credit Repair USA - Financial Crunchi - Cosmetics Cutco - Knives CVSL - Multiple Companies Daisy Blue Naturals - Personal Care Damsel in Defense - Product/Self Defense Darceys - Candles David Lerner Associates, INC - Financial Dazzle and Daze - Clothing Deutsche vermögensberatung/Dvag (Germany) - Financial Diana (Japan) - Dione Cosmetics - Cosmetics Direct Cellars/DC Nation - Wine Discovery Toys - Educational Toys Divvee/Nui - Dot Dot Smile - Clothing DoTERRA - Health/Oils Du Northing Designs - Clothing Dubli Network - Financial Dudley Beauty - Cosmetics DXN - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Dynamic Essentials - EcoWarehouse - Home Goods Elepreneuer - Elk River Soaps - Personal Care Ella Tina - Clothing Elli Kai - Clothing Elvacity - Nutritional Supplements EmGoldEx/Global Intergold - Enagic/Kangen Water - Ionized Water Endless Xpressions - Clothing/Accessories Enersource Int - Nutritional Supplements Enjo (AUS) - Cleaning Producs Envy Jewelry - Jewelry Epicure (Canada) - Food Equinox International (dissolved in 2001) - Ergo (Germany) - Insurance Essante Organics - Essential Bodywear - Clothing European Grouping of Marketing Professionals/CEDIPAC SA (dissolved 1995) - European Home Retail (dissolved 2007) - Evanescence Network - Health EVER Skincare - Skincare/Health Evolution Travel - Product EvolvHealth - Health Faberlic (Russia) - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Family First Life - Insurance Family Heritage Insurance - Insurance Fantasia - Adult Novelties Fantasia (Canada) - Adult Novelties FES Connect - Financial Fibi & Clo - Footwear Fifth Ave Collection - Jewelry First Fitness Nutrition - Dietary Supplements Fit4Mom - Clothing FITTEAM Global - Dietary Supplements Flamingo Paperie - Art Fleuresse - FM World (UK) - For Tails Only - Pet Supplies Forever Living - Health/Oils Forex Education (iMarkets Live branch) - Crypto Forex Entourage - Financial Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved 2013) - Four Oceans - Health Fragant Jewels - Bathbombs FreeLife - Nutritional Supplements Frontrow - Fuel Freedom Int - Automotive Fund America (Bankrupt 1990) - Gano Excel - Nutritional Supplements GelMoment - Beauty Gemstra - Jewelry Genesis Pure - Nutritional Supplements Global Legacy Initiative - GoDesana - Pet Gold Canyon - Product/Candles Golden Days (China) - Health Grace & Heart - Jewelry Green HoriZen - CBD Greeting Cake Company - Cake Kits H2O At Home - Personal Care Hale - CBD Oil Hanky Panky Parties (Canada) - Adult Novelties Happy Coffee - Coffee Harvard Risk Management (Legal Shield) - Hayward's Gourmet Popcorn - Food HB Naturals - Health He(L)o - Health Healthy Peach - Dietary Supplements Heavenly Chia - Food Heka Corp - Fitness Helo Wristbands - Health HempWorx - Health Herbalife - Health Heritage Makers - Scrapbooking Hinode - Cosmetics Holiday Magic (shut down) - Home Interiors - Home Goods Honey - Beauty Honey & Lace - Clothing Hualin Biotech (China) - Health iCoinPro - Crypto Currency ID Life - Health Igniting Passion (Canada) - Adult Novelties iMarketsLive - Financial Trading Software Immunotec - Health Imperial Candles (UK) - Candles In a Pikle - Bags Income Advantage - India Hicks - Product/Accessories Infinitus - Health Initials, Inc - Bags Inkd Up Nails - Beauty innov8tive nutrition - Nutritional Supplements InteleTravel - Travel Intimo (AUS/NZ) - Adult Novelties Isagenix - Dietary Supplements ItWorks! - Health J. Elizabeth - Clothing J. Hilburn - Clothing J.R Watkins - Jafra - Beauty Jamberry - Beauty Jamby - Clothing Jamie at Home (shut down) - Janice Collection - Home Goods Java Momma - Coffee Javita - Coffee Jbloom - Jewelry Jequiti - Cosmetics Jerky Direct - Jeunesse - Beauty Jewel Kade (31) - Jewelry Jewelscent - Product/Candles JK Apparel (Canada) - Clothing Jordan Essentials - Beauty JoyMain (China) - Health Joyome (Plexus) - Beauty JuicePlus - Nutritional Supplements Jump Natural - Health Kaesar & Blair - Kalaia - Skincare/Health Kalo & Co - Pearl/Jewelry Kangen Water - Kannaway - CBD Oil Karat Bars - Gold Kaszazz - Scrapbooking Keep Collective - Jewelry Keep Me Safe - Cos KETO (Pruvit) - Keto Coffee - Coffee Ketones - Health Kirby - Vacuums Kleeneze - Home Goods Kobold (Vorwerk) - Kyani - Health Labella Baskets - Home Goods Lady Godiva Beauty - Cosmetics Lavylites - Beauty L'BRI - Beauty LeadUp Consulting - Legal Shield - Legal Services LegArt (Canada) - Leggings Legend Age (China) - Legging Army - Clothing Legging Girl - Clothing Lemongrass Spa - Beauty LeReve (Canada) - Cosmetics Le-Vel (Thrive) - Health Lia Sophia (dissolved) - Jewelry Life Abundance - Pet LIFE Leadership - Financial Life Tree World - Food LifeBrook - LifePlus (US/Germany) - Dietary Supplements Life's Abundance - Pet Supplies LifeVantage - Dietary Supplements Lilla Rose - Jewelry Limelife - Skincare/Health Limu - Health Limu - Nutritional Supplements Linen World - Home Goods Lion Crown - Lipsense - Beauty Liv International - Travel Live Sore - Clothing Longabeger Company - Baskets Longrich (China) - Beauty Lorraine Lee Linen - Home Goods Love Winx - Adult Novelties LR Beauty & Health - Beauty LuLaRoe - Clothing Lulu Ave - Jewelry Luminess - Cosmetics Lyconet/Lyoness - Lyoness - Financial M. Global (Jamberry) - Jewelry M. Network - Nutritional Supplements Maelle Beauty - Beauty Magnabilities - Jewelry Magnolia & Vine - Jewelry Makeup Eraser - Cosmetics Man Cave - Kitchen Accessories Mannatech - Dietary Supplements Mark. - Financial Market America - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Marly Ray - Pearl/Jewelry Marvelous Mouse Travels - Travel Mary & Martha - Home Goods MaryKay - Beauty Maskara - Beauty Matilda Jane - Clothing Max & Madeleine - Skincare/Health Maxwell Clothing - Clothing MCA - Financial Medifast - Nutritional Supplements Melaleuca - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Metabolife (dissolved in 2005) - MiA Bath and Body (Closed) - mialisia - Jewelry Miche EU - Accessories Miki (Asia) - Nutritional Supplements MOA Nutrition - Nutritional Supplements Modere - MojiLife - Essential Oils Monat - Hair Care MonaVie (went into foreclosure 2015) - Morinda Bioactives - Personal Care/Dietary Supplements Motives Cosmetics - Cosmetics Multpure - Water My Club 8 - CBD Oil My Daily Choice - Nutritional Supplements My LALA Leggings - Clothing myEcon - Financial National Safety Associates - Dietary Supplements National Wealth Center - Education Natura (Brazil) - Cosmetics Nature Direct (AUS) - Essential Oils Nature's Sunshine Products - Dietary Supplements Neal's Yard Remedies Organic - Beauty NeoLife - Dietary Supplements Neora (Nerium) - Nerium - Skincare/Health NeVetica - Pet Supplies New Era (China) - Nutritional Supplements New U Life - Health Neways - Personal Care Nikken - Noevir - Beauty Nomades - Jewelry Noonday Collection - Jewelry Norwex - Cleaning Producs Nouveau Riche (real estate investment college) (dissolved 2010 - Nspire Network - Feminine Products NuCerity - Skincare/Health NuSkin - Tooth Paste/Personal Care Nutriboom - NXIVM - Financial Nygard - Clothing Omnilife - Dietary Supplements One Hope Wine - Wine Optavia - Health Opulenza - Jewelry Organo Gold - Coffee Oriflame - Personal Care Origami Owl - Jewelry Our Hearts Desire - Jewelry Paid 2 Save - Travel Pampered Chef - Kitchen Accessories Paparazzi - Jewelry Paperly - Paper Park Lane Jewelry - Jewelry Party Girl - Candles Party Lite - Candles Party Time Mixes - Food PartyLite - Candles Passion Parties - Adult Novelties Pawtree - Pet Paycation - Travel Peach - Clothing Pearl Chic - Pearl/Jewelry Peekaboo Beans - Clothing Perfect (China) - Cosmetics Perfectly Polished - Beauty Perfectly Posh - Beauty Personally Poetic - Jewelry PHP - Insurance Pierre Lang - Jewelry Pink Zebra - Candles Piphany - Clothing PixieLane - Clothing Plexus - Health Plumeria Bath - Beauty Plunder - Jewelry PM International - Health Pola (Japan) - Skincare/Health Poofy Organics - Beauty Powur - Solar Panels Premier Designs - Jewelry Premier Financial - Financial PrimeMyBody - Health Primerica - Financial Princess House - Kitchen Accessories ProDoula - ProYoung - Health Pruvit - Health Pulse Cosmetics - Cosmetics Pure Haven - Cosmetics Pure Romance - Product PureHaven - Home Goods PUREly - Essential Oils Purium - Health Qnet - Nutritional Supplements Quanjian Natural (China) - Food RadiantlyYou - Rain International - Health Rainbow Vacuum - Vacuums Real Time Pain Relief - Health Red Aspen - Beauty RED Safety - Security Regal Home and Gifts - Home Goods Reliv - Health Reliv - Nutritional Supplements Renatus Real Estate - Education RevitalU - Coffee/Health Riway - Deer Placenta Robert Kiyosaki - Rodan+Fields - Beauty Roland (Vorwerk) - Rolmex (China) - Kitchen Accessories Royal Tongan Limu (dissolved in 2003) - Royaltie Gens - Marketing Ruby Ribbon - Clothing Saba - Health/Beauty Sabika Jewelry - Jewelry SafeGirl Security - Self Defense Salad Master - Home Goods SARSO (India) - Scentsy - Health/Oils Schneider's Gourmet World - Food Scout & Cellar - Wine Seacret - Beauty SendOutCards - Gift Cards Senegence - Skincare/Health Shakeology (BeachBody) - Dietary Supplements Shaklee - Dietary Supplements Shopping Sherlock - Shrimp & Grits - Clothing Signature Homestyles - Home Goods Silpada - Jewelry Silver Icing - Jewelry Simple Man - Personal Care Simply Success Elite - SimplyFun Games - Education Skinny Body at Home - Dietary Supplements SkinSanity/Tomorrow's Leaf - Skincare/Health Smart Circle - Smartway - Solavei (dissolved 2015)[ - Solvei (bankrupt) - Sophie Paris (France/Asia) - Clothing South Hill Designs - Jewelry Southern Living at Home - Home Goods SouthWestern Advantage - Education Sseko - Clothing Stampin Up - Paper Steam Energy - Utilities Steeped Tea - Tea Stella & Dot - Clothing Stream Energy - Financial Style Dots - Jewelry Success University - Education Sun Hope (China) - Sunrider - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Sunset Gourmet - Food Sunshine Empire (dissolved 2009) - Surge 365 - Travel Sweet Legs - Clothing Sweet Minerals - Beauty Symmetry Financial Group - Insurance Syntek Global - Automotive T.O.P Marketing Group - TAG Team Marketing - Taisei/Green Planet/Kaikisui (Japan_ - Purifiers Tara at Home - Home Goods Tastefully Simple - Food Tavala - Health Tealightful - Tea Team National - Financial TeDivina - Tea Telecom Plus (UK) - Utilities Telexfree (bankrupt 2014) - The Advert Platfrom - Crypto Currency The Body Shop at Home - Beauty The Landmark Forum - Health The Super Affiliate Network - Marketing Thermomix (Vorwerk) - Thirty One - Bags Thrive - Health Thrive Life - Food Tiber River Naturals - Beauty TKO WorldWide - Tocara (Canada) - Jewelry Tom James - Clothing Total Life Changes/TLC - Health TouchStone Crystal - Jewelry Touchstone Essentials - Dietary Supplements Tracy Negoshian - Clothing Trades of Hope - Jewelry Tranont - Financial Transformational Beauty - Cosmetics Travel Evolution - Travel Traveling Vineyard - Wine TraVerus Global - Travel TriVita - Nutritional Supplements Tropic Skin Care - Skincare/Health True Peak Revolution (Europe) - Truvision Health - Health TS-Life - Nutritional Supplements Tupperware - Tupperware Unicity - Health United Sciences of America (dissolved in 1987) - United Warehouse (UK) - US Health Advisors - Usana - Nutritional Supplements Usborne - Books Utility Warehouse (UK) - Utilities Valentus - Dietary Supplements Vantel - Product/Pearls Vasayo - Health VectoCutco - Knives Vemma - Dietary Supplements viaOneHope - Wine ViBella - Jewelry VIC Cosmetics - Vida Divina - Tea Vie at Home (closed) - Virtuity Financial Group (World Financial Group) - ViSalus (Body by VI) - Dietary Supplements Vitality Extracts - Essential Oils VivaMK - Cleaning Producs Volo - Health Vorwerk - Home Goods Votre Belle Maison (UK) - Giftware Voxxlife - Health Wakaya Perfection - Health WakeUpNow (dissolved 2015) - Watkins Inc - Health/Home Goods Wealthperx - Travel Wikaniko - Home Goods Wildtree - Food Willing Beauty - Beauty Winasun - Health Wine Shop at Home - Wine Wines for Humanity - Wine Wink Naturals - Health World Financial Group/Pinnacle Leadership Development - Financial World Leadership Group (dissolved in 2008) - World Ventures/Wealth Wave/TKO WorldWide - Travel WoTaBu - Travel XanGo/Ziji - Health Xerveo - Dietary Supplements Xoom Energy - Utilities Xooma - Weight Loss Xstream Travel - Travel Xyngular - Health Yanbal Int - Jewelry Yandi (China) - Nutritional Supplements Yelloow - Beauty Yevo (closed) - Yofoto (China) - Health Yoli - Health Yoonla - YOR Health - Weight Loss Young Living - Health Youngevity - Younique - Beauty YTB International - Travel Zepter - Zija - Health Zilis - Health Zinzino (Scandanavia) - Zrii - Skincare/Health Zurvita - Health Zyia - Clothing Zyn - Travel -- TOTAL COUNT = 593 This list will be continually updated (1/23/19). Sources: https://mlmtruth.org/2018/02/08/the-mlm-master-list/ , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multi-level_marketing_companies Special thanks to u/Copacetic1515 (I could not stick your thread) For income disclosure information: https://www.reddit.com/antiMLM/comments/8vnute/income_disclosure_analysis_master_thread/ Other Helpful Links: Discussion about World Financial Group: https://www.reddit.com/jobs/comments/34c6im/world_financial_group_be_careful_of_this_mlm/ |
 | Hello, dear community. In this post, we have prepared for you the most important and relevant news of the month. submitted by Cryptology_Exchange to cryptologyexch [link] [comments] 📉 𝗕𝗶𝘁𝗰𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝟮𝟱% 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘆. For the rest, I’ll add the rate of the rate decreased by 24%, but the price was up to $ 6,550, and then I turned back to the last. For more information on the CoinMarketCap website. Behind the CoinMarketCap tribute, pitched at 6:00 p.m. on 12th birch, the bitcoin rate was $ 6,128. The capitalization of the cryptocurrency market decreased by about a quarter to the level of $ 152 billion. 🗒 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗺 𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘅 𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. Two new fraud schemes have appeared in Russia directed against clients of Forex dealers: both are disguised as helping in the return of money lost in foreign exchange trading. This was reported to Izvestia in a specialized association, information was confirmed by the Central Bank and Finam Forex. According to one of the scenarios, the PR agency offers to create a negative informational background against the Forex broker for money, and according to another scheme, the funds are returned by the law firm to the crypto wallet, which you have to pay for opening. Due to the volatility of world currencies, in March there is an increase in interest in the Forex market, which means there will be more deceived customers, experts say. 🔍 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘄𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗴𝘂𝗻 𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗻. The Central Bank of Sweden, together with the consulting company Accenture, has begun testing the electronic crown (e-krona), according to the regulator’s website. The aim of the project is to create a simple and easy-to-use digital currency, which in the future will be an addition to cash, to meet high requirements for security and performance. Testing e-krona, which will last until February 2021, will take place in an isolated environment. Users will be able to store electronic kroons in a digital wallet, make payments, replenish accounts and withdraw funds through a mobile application. It will also be possible to make payments using wearable devices such as smart watches and cards. 🔑 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗦 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁’𝘀 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗼𝗸𝗲𝗻𝘀. The ban on transferring Gram digital tokens to customers will be appealed by Telegram Group Inc. A corresponding appeal against the decision of the federal court of the Southern District of the State of New York was filed by the company's lawyers. “Respondent represented by Telegram Group Inc. hereby informs about the petition to the court of appeal of the Second Circuit of the United States to appeal the decision and order dated March 24, 2020 to satisfy the motion of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, ”TASS quoted the text of the relevant document on Wednesday, March 25. The lawyer, representing the company in court, appealed in the document that Telegram was obliged to fulfill obligations to persons who had previously acquired Gram before April 30 of this year. 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘆 𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗿𝘆𝗽𝘁𝗼 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱! https://preview.redd.it/lef3jk3caoq41.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=bf9fa8dcf6176437cc05d17fb7617a1407d33623 |
submitted by mefupe to worldnews [link] [comments]
 | submitted by 10k_Tye to u/10k_Tye [link] [comments] https://preview.redd.it/tbbwybr72fv31.jpg?width=1920&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=24fafceff269e3d5946ed572ec5385f16d03606c If you are not familiar with the iconic makeup artist Mickey of Los Angeles, it is time to get acquainted with you and your Youtube channel, Glam and Gore. This groundbreaking 28-year-old is known for making things "pretty ugly"; Mykie combines her passions and talents to create Instagram-worthy makeup photos and cool special effects, perfect for true-to-life costumes and horror movies. Mikey has developed a passion and can use cosmetics during her graduate studies in cinema and has gained professional experience through her own research and desire to work in local haunted homes. Since joining YouTube in 2014 on Mykie since then, sincere loyalty has gained 3.1 million subscribers. But why is it worth looking at? Mykie's textbooks combine comedy and education perfectly. If you want to master this killer cat look by creating the most realistic zombie costume on the planet, or try wearing a wig, Glam and Gore has something for you. In addition, the latest changes to the Youtube algorithm have had a negative impact on your views and future revenue, meaning you can now use support as never before. Because of these updates, subscribers were not notified of new messages or were unable to view new videos. Also, old Mykie content will suddenly go to YouTube, your forex tutorials are considered "too open". So where can you cross the line between "mature content" and "creative licensing?" Is it true that man is now manifesting himself? let's just say no, the Mykie channel is dedicated to makeup tutorials - there's nothing wrong with that, other makeup channels haven't had such a negative impact, Mikey deserves credit for your talent, and that's why. Your relationship. Starting with each Crown set video, with a Russian accent: "Hi, Zombies!" This is a great example of Mike's unpretentious nature being your true self. She also has a delicious Alaska CLI waterfront called Ripley (if you see "pun intended" you will get a really good idea of what I am taking). Ripley is as theatrical as her mother-dog, and very loud in Mykie-Videos. Mikey also talks openly about his personal health and fitness journey and has recently challenged himself to join a gym and use a personal trainer. What is your ultimate goal? Be stronger and feel better. She also wants to have tons of muscle and tries to contradict the pre-conceived notion that one cannot be "feminine" and "beautiful" to have muscle. Mykie also understands that a career in makeup, especially FX, is expensive. She honestly seeks to offer her audience tangible and effective alternatives to inspire success and more creativity. She is also a social media icon: her tweets are pure fire. The story of Disney glamor and Princess of the mountains. This series was one of the first to bring Mickey to Internet fame, and is one of my personal favorites. This series is absolutely reasonable. She does lessons with the original Disney princesses we know and love, and creates bloody alternatives. For example, there is a "fascinating" mermaid, a "suffocated" Rapunzel and a smashed "Cinderella." Lip Challenge "Among the other insane issues on the Internet, such as Chanenge Mannequin, Chanelnge Cinnamon and Harlem Shake, the Kylie Jenner Challenge is perhaps one of the most well-known. What is the main idea of this video? Satire. She is the winner of the 2015 NYX Face Awards. If you want to try Mykie talent, look no further than your video app! Recorded in dummy style, Mickey captures a nasty paranormal creature. Awesome and intriguing, Mykie is open to your creative process and offers beautiful editing videos to show off your featured exterior. Tinder takes my makeup. To jump on the trend bar, Mickey asks her unsuspecting prospect Tinder random questions that correlate with a certain makeup. Composed of a trilogy, your humor is hilarious. It also means that you agree with your good friend's brother ... conceding! She is launching her own line of wigs from Bellamy! Keep up the wigs, because there's nothing better than supporting #GirlBoss, celebrate entrepreneurship. Mike enjoys lifelong wigs that not only make you shine through your personal creativity, but also complement your look. In the recently released video for September. 30, 2018, Mykie has announced the launch of its line of wigs: a very personal and unique cosmetic collaboration, unlike any other. The line consists of three wigs: a long silvery-bright wig called "Reagan" in honor of the exorcist girl; Rose Gold / Pink forehead called "Claris", hthere is a future detective in the silence of the lambs; and a theatrically long wig, known as "Carrie," consisting of blood-red curls and dark roots. Mykie promises quality and satisfaction at $ 100. Glam and Gore x Bellamy kicked off in October. 15, 2018 - It's Halloween Time! |
 | Saudi Arabian State Oil Company Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco) considers Tokyo as a platform for the placement of its shares. The Wall Street Journal reports. submitted by Itrader_com to u/Itrader_com [link] [comments] https://preview.redd.it/ijpstxiztbk31.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=3c53aecf98e7f9d622bfbf029dbd5cb9d7698da5 The initial public offering of shares in Saudi Aramco will take place in two stages. The placement of shares on the Saudi stock exchange will take place later this year. An international listing will be carried out in 2020 or 2021, the outlet writes regarding advisers and officials familiar with IPO plans. Saudi Aramco plans to sell up to 5% of the shares during the IPO, which should be the largest in history. Riyadh hoped to raise a record $ 100 billion in the IPO, but it is not yet clear what the final amount will be. Many stock exchanges around the world have sought to become Aramco's listing site. London and Hong Kong were favorites in this race. However, both cities faced political uncertainty. The risks associated with Brexit and protests in Hong Kong have diminished the attractiveness of London and Hong Kong. Nonetheless, Sarami officials and advisers to Aramco told WSJ that although they are inclined towards the IPO option in Tokyo, a final decision has not yet been made. The company told WSJ that the timing of the placement would depend on market conditions. The offering is part of Vision 2030, the plan of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to diversify the economy, create the world's largest sovereign investment fund and reduce dependence on hydrocarbons. Work on the IPO was suspended in 2018 when Aramco turned its attention to the acquisition of shares in the petrochemicals producer Saudi Basic Industries Corp. You can find more information about the stock market, commodity market, and FOREX on the ITRADER site. This material is considered a marketing communication and does not contain, and should not be construed as containing, investment advice or an investment recommendation or, an offer of or solicitation for any transactions in financial instruments. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 84.16% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money. Legal Information: ITRADER is operated by Hoch Capital Ltd., a Cypriot Investment Firm (CIF, authorized and regulated by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) under the license no. 198/13, in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II).) |
 | submitted by maximineadmin to maximine [link] [comments] https://preview.redd.it/uoc84ml8e2731.png?width=640&format=png&auto=webp&s=288fa1cd1e79c0389fda7cd93c4946ee78430fa6 June 28 is destined to be an extraordinary date. It was on this very date in 1712 that famous philosopher Jean Jacob Rousseau was born, and from him came the idea of natural human rights that soon took root in the masses and inspired many other revolutions worldwide. It was on this very date in 1838 that Alexandra Victoria was crowned the Queen of England. Under her rule, the United Kingdom expanded its reaches and flourished as an empire, saving its reputation from the mess her royal uncles had made. It was on this very date in 2008 that China completed work on the Beijing National Stadium, the stadium that would host the 2008 Summer Olympics from 8 to 24 August 2008. 10 years later in 2018, the date once again took on an auspicious turn as the MXM token was finally listed on its first international cryptocurrency exchange, HitBTC, after a long time of preparation and wait. Today, one year later on 28 June 2019, MaxiMine is proud to celebrate its inaugural anniversary of listing. Let our new cartoon ambassador, Little M, take you through a recap of our journey thus far… https://preview.redd.it/eq07fsvae2731.png?width=720&format=png&auto=webp&s=86724cdcb2fe066ad30eff74c412954e19ea039e MaxiMine is one of the world’s leading blockchain mining platforms that specialises in digital currency mining services. The current landscape of cryptocurrency mining presents insurmountable obstacles to a novice investor due to the high capital cost and huge power consumption required, the difficulty of obtaining a mining machine and its operational cost. MaxiMine seeks to resolve this issue by renting out hashing power for mining, allowing any interested party to mine cryptocurrency without fretting over its operations. The maintenance and upgrading of mining equipment and its other relevant details will be handled by MaxiMine instead. MXM is a token issued by MaxiMine that acts as a store of value in the MaxiMine pool ecosystem. Holding a MXM token is equivalent to a profit of revenue earned from a Bitcoin mining machine. Other than its innate value, the MXM token also presents several advantages as it can be used to not only replace computing power, but also participate in a series of community activities such as community building, renewal of mining equipment, and technical support. On June 28, 2018, MaxiMine entered into a partnership with Europe-based cryptocurrency exchange HitBTC, launching MXM onto its first exchange platform. Since then, the momentum has been building up over the past year and MXM has been successively listed on four international mainstream exchanges: CoinBene, FCoin, BitForex and Hello Global. It has also formed a strategic partnership with Atomic Wallet from the United States and Mars Wallet from Hong Kong. The issue price of MXM was at 0.05 CNY. After a stagnation period of 9 months, the value of MXM began to take off. On March 4, 2019, MXM broke through 0.1 yuan for the first time. Since then, the price of the currency has soared. On April 1, MXM reached an all-time high at 1.05 CNY and broke through the top 30 cryptocurrency coins ranked in CoinMarketCap. At present, the MXM currency price has stabilised at around 0.3 CNY and the number of MXM token addresses has reached 114,000 according to data from Etherscan. Price: 0.101136 CNY, 24h Trading Volume: 1,968,790 USD All-time high: 1.05 CNY (1 April 2019) On February 14, 2019, MaxiMine’s MAX Mining Pool APP was officially launched. Users can perform hashing power conversion directly on their mobile phones. In addition, the app provides real-time updates of the values of hashing power, mining machine revenues and other relevant data that users are most concerned with, realizing its vision as an open and transparent platform. In April, MaxiMine successfully organised “MaxiMine Global Blockchain Summit” in Bangkok, Thailand. During this occasion, MaxiMine released the MXM joint card to be used in the MXM ecosystem. The MXM card is supported by the majority of the mainstream e-commerce platforms and more than 50 million offline business providers. This signifies that MXM has broke through the virtual world and provided real-world applications for its token beyond cyber reality. In the future, MXM will collaborate with more exchange platforms to unlock various real-life application scenarios. To find out more about MaxiMine, do check out our social media accounts at: Website: https://maximine.io/ Telegram: https://t.me/maximine Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/maximine/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/maximinecoin Medium: https://medium.com/@maximinecoin Bitcointalk: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3247389.0 |
Crown MT5 Mini Forex account is specially designed for traders new to the Forex market and also for those trading in small volumes. Crown MT5 Mini Forex account offers investors an opportunity to trade in smaller sizes with the initial deposit starting from as low as $100. Crown MT5 Mini account offers a flexible leverage up to 1:500. CROWN FOREX SIGNALS IS. 4000. MEMBERS. 93%. OF SUCCESS RATE. 10. BROKER PARTNERS. DISCLAIMER. Warning about the risks : Trader carries a risk. Risk only the capital likely to be lost. You never lose more than the amount invested in each position. Spas are complex instruments and present a high risk of losing money quickly due to leverage. 65% ... CROWN FOREX SIGNALS C'EST. 4000. MEMBRES. 93%. DE TAUX DE RÉUSSITE. 10. COURTIERS PARTENAIRES. DISCLAIMER. Avertissement sur les risques : Trader comporte un risque. Risquez uniquement le capital susceptible d’être perdu. Vous ne perdez jamais plus que le montant investi sur chaque positions. Les CFD sont des instruments complexes et ... Crown Forex seemed to be a legitimate forex broking operation until September of 2008. This was the initial period during which its customers began having serious problems with the fund withdrawal process. Many of the forex broker’s clients had deposited in excess of $50,000 into their accounts, and they were having difficulty getting their ... Crown Forex (India) Private Limited is a money exchange company based in Delhi, India. The company provides various services pertaining to currency exchange and money transfer. Crown Forex offers its services for very nominal commissions.
[index] [4517] [1923] [5472] [2585] [1910] [4385] [1420] [3949] [5514] [2573]
Today we have a GORGEOUS Crown Reversal Pattern showing up on Crude Oil Futures for us to look for major buy side failure. This gave us the chance to drive the market lower with all of the buyers ... FXPassion introduces the basics of his trading system that helps new traders. The course is introduced via live stream lectures that can be watched afterward... Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Trade a Crown - Head & Shoulders Forex Classmate. Loading... Unsubscribe from Forex Classmate? ... FOREX: Learn the easiest and best Scalping strategy - Duration: 26:45. Head and shoulder pattern and kings crown reversal pattern. Head and shoulder pattern and kings crown reversal pattern.